Aquatic Plants BIOL 402/632
University of Northern British Columbia
Professor J.D. Ackerman
Click on the following for Information on:
FALL 2002
PROFESSOR:
Dr. J.D. Ackerman, Newlab 8-143, 960-5839 ackerman@unbc.ca
Laboratory Teaching Assistants: Barbara Prime
960-____, b_prime@hotmail.com
Julianne Trelenberg 960-5677, trelj000@unbc.ca
OFFICE HOURS: Tuesday 11:00-12:00 & Thursday
14:30 15:30; or by appointment
LOCATION:
Library 5-176 Tuesday & Thursday 10:00
10:50
New Lab 8-322 Friday 11:30 - 14:20
HOMEPAGE:
http://web.unbc.ca/~ackerman/biol402.htm
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This course covers the classification, physiology, ecology, and environmental
implications of aquatic plants. Both marine and freshwater systems
are covered with an emphasis on the aquatic plants of British Columbia.
RESPONSIBILITIES:
1) Student: open mind / willing to discuss and exchange views to participate
Academic integrity/offence (see UNBC Calendar)
2) Professor: responsive to students
Fair and equitable
PROBLEMS: See one me or have me recommend someone for you
to see.
PREREQUISITE: BIOL 100 and BIOL 204 (1996/97),
or by permission.
RECOMMENDED: BIOL 201; ENVS 202; BIOL 303.
COURSE TEXT: Ackerman, J.D. 2002. Readings on Aquatic Plants:
UNBC Course Reading Package available for purchase in the bookstore.
RECOMMENDED: See reading list included in Readings Package
LAB MANUAL: To be distributed in lab.
FIELD TRIPS: Appropriate dress for all weather (including rain).
EVALUATION:
Laboratory:
30% Lab book and Lab Reports
Midterm Exam: 20% Includes
lab and lecture material.
Term Project: 25%
Research paper/proposal.(Prospectus
by Jill Sutton 1998) (Research
Proposal by Jill Sutton 1998)
Final Exam:
25% During final exam period; inclusive.
100%
LATE ASSIGNMENTS: Not accepted without prior arrangement (penalty
imposed).
LECTURE OUTLINE
Part I - Evolutionary Systematics
Sept 3 (lecture 1) Introduction to Plant Reproductive Systems
Sept 5 (lecture 2) Evolutionary Perspectives
Sept 10 (lecture 3) Algae I (unicellular algae and phylogeny)
Sept 12 (lecture 4) Algae II (macroalgae I)
Sept 17 (lecture 5) Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
Sept 19 (lecture 6) Angiosperms I (dicots)
Sept 24 (lecture 7) Angiosperms II (monocots)
Sept 26 (lecture 8) Angiosperms III (seagrasses)
Oct 1 (lecture 9) Overview and perspective
Part II - Physiological Ecology
Oct 3 (lecture 10) The physical environment (Physico-chemical
environments I)
Oct 8 (lecture 11) The chemical environment (Physico-chemical
environments II)
Oct 10 (lecture 12) The light environment (Physico-chemical environments
III)
Oct 15 (lecture 13) Photopigments and light capture
Oct 17 (lecture 14) Mid term exam
Oct 22 (lecture 15) Inorganic carbon sources and photosynthesis
Oct 24 (lecture 16) Water transport
Part III - Evolutionary Ecology
Oct 29 (lecture 17) Heterophylly in higher vascular plants
Oct 31 (lecture 18) Form-function relationships in macroalgae
Nov 5 (lecture 19) Root/rhizome systems and vegetative
propagation
Nov 7 (lecture 20) Evolutionary ecology of carnivorous
plants
Nov 12 (lecture 21) Pollination in aquatic plants
Nov 14 (lecture 22) Dispersal in aquatic plants
Nov 19 (lecture 23) Community structure and evolution in freshwater
macrophytes
Nov 21 (lecture 24) Community structure and evolution in marine macrophytes
Part IV - Aquatic Plants and Society
Nov 26 (lecture 25) Exotics and introduced species
Nov 28 (lecture 26) Economic Botany
Lecture
Summaries
Please note that the schedule may change.
Laboratory Outline
Laboratory Teaching Assistants: Barbara Prime
960-____, b_prime@hotmail.com
Julianne Trelenberg 960-5677, trelj000@unbc.ca
September 6, 2002 |
Laboratory 1 |
Orientation Safety Requirements |
September 13, 2002 |
Laboratory 2 |
Field Identification of Aquatic Plants and Habitats |
September 20, 2002 |
Laboratory 3 |
Field Identification of Aquatic Plants and Habitats |
September 27, 2002 |
Laboratory 4 |
Field Identification of Aquatic Plants and Habitats |
October 4, 2002 |
Laboratory 5 |
Laboratory Identification of Key Algal Characteristics |
October 11, 2002 |
Laboratory 6 |
Laboratory Identification of Key Aquatic Plants |
October 18, 2002 |
Laboratory 7 |
Photopigment Identification |
October 25, 2002 |
Laboratory 8 |
Photosynthetic Measurements |
November 1, 2002 |
Laboratory 9 |
Flow and Plant Canopies |
November 8, 2002 |
Laboratory 10 |
Root/Shoot Ratios and Bog Plants |
November 15, 2002 |
Laboratory 11 |
Pollination Mechanisms |
November 22, 2002 |
Laboratory 12 |
Community Ecology |
November 29, 2002 |
Laboratory 13 |
Economic & Ethnobotany |
FIELD TRIPS:
Complete and hand in all forms especially if driving to/from sites.
Safety to/from and at the field site are paramount. Failure
to maintain safe conditions is an academic offence and will result in penalty.
Four local field trips are planned during class period.
Appropriate all weather field gear (rainwear, boots, hats, gloves, etc.)
will be required.
LABORATORY EVALUATION:
Assignment # 1: 10 % Labs 2-5 Aquatic Plant Systematics
(Report
by Laura Genn 1997)
Assignment # 2: 10% Labs 7-8 Primary Production
(Assignment # 3: (10%) Labs 9 Flow and Aquatic
Plant Canopies)
(This is an optional assignment to replace Assignment #2, but
you must hand in Assignment #2)
Lab Reports 10% Labs 1-13 Laboratory Notebook
.
COURSE READINGS:
A collection of Articles on the Systematics, Physiology, and Evolutionary
Ecology of Aquatic Plants.
Part I - Evolutionary Systematics
-
What is an aquatic system?
Wheeler, W.N. and M. Neushul. 1981. The aquatic environment. pp 229-247
in O.L. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond, and H. Ziegler (eds)
Physiological
Plant Ecology I: Responses to the Physical Environment (Encyclopedia
of Plant Physiology New Series 12A). Springer Verlag, Berlin, 625 pp.
-
Classification and characteristics of aquatic plants
Graham, L.E., and L.W. Wilcox. 2000. Introduction to the Algae. pp. 1 21
in Algae. Prentice Hall, Saddle River, NJ. 640 + pp.
Sculthorpe, C.D. 1967. The salient features of aquatic vascular
plants. pp. 1-24 in The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. Edward
Arnold, London (Reprinted 1985 Koeltz Scientific, Königstein), 610
pp.
Kuo, J. and C. Den Hartog. 2000. Seagrasses: A profile of an ecological
group. Biologica marina mediterranea (Genova) 7:3-17.
Part II - Physiological Ecology
-
Physico-chemical environments I (chemistry)
Melzer, A. and C. Steinberg. 1983. Nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems.
pp 47-84 in O.L. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond, and H. Ziegler (eds) Physiological
Plant Ecology IV: Ecosystem Processes: Mineral Cycling, Productivity and
Man's Influence. (Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology New Series 12D.
Springer Verlag, Berlin, 644 pp.
Parsons, T.R. and P.J. Harrison. 1983. Nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems.
pp 85-115 in O.L. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond, and H. Ziegler (eds)
Physiological
Plant Ecology IV: Ecosystem Processes: Mineral Cycling, Productivity and
Man's Influence. (Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology New Series 12D.
Springer Verlag, Berlin, 644 pp.
-
Physico-chemical environments II (water relations)
Flowers, T.J., M.A. Hajibagheri, and N.J.W. Clipson. 1986. Halophytes.
Quarterly
Review of Biology 61:313-337.
Pedersen, O. and K. Sand-Jensen. 1993. Water transport in submerged
macrophytes. Aquatic Botany 44:385-406.
-
Physico-chemical environments III (light)
Wetzel, R.G. 1983. Light in lakes. pp 45-70 in Limnology, 2nd Edition.
Saunders College, Orlando, 767 pp +.
Geider, R.J. and B.A. Osborne. 1992. Measuring photosynthetic pigments.
pp. 107-121 in Algal Photosynthesis. Chapman and Hall, New York,
256 pp.
Maberly, S.C. 1990. Exogenous sources of inorganic carbon for photosynthesis
by marine macroalgae. Journal of Phycology 26:439-449.
Walker, N.A. 1983. The uptake of inorganic carbon by freshwater plants.
Plant
Cell and Environment. 6:323-328.
Beer, S. 1989. Photosynthesis and photorespiration of marine angiosperms.
Aquatic Botany 34:153-166.
Longstreth, D.J. 1989. Photosynthesis and photorespiration of freshwater
emergent and floating plants. Aquatic Botany 34:287-299.
Part III - Evolutionary Ecology
-
Heterophylly in higher vascular plants
Neilsen, S.L. and K Sand-Jensen. 1993. Photosynthetic implications of heterophylly
in Batrachium peltatum (Schrank) Presl. Aquatic Botany 44:361-371.
-
Form-function relationships in macroalgae.
Dudgeon, S.R., J.E. Kübler, R.L. Vadas, and I.R. Davison. 1995. Physiological
responses to environmental variation in intertidal red algae: does thallus
morphology matter? Marine Ecology Progress Series 117:193-206.
Norton, T.A., A.C. Mathieson, and M. Neushul. 1981. Morphology and Environment.
pp 421-451 in The Biology of Seaweeds. C.S. Lobban and M.J. Wynne
(eds). University of California Press, Berkeley, 786 pp.
-
Root/rhizome systems and vegetative propagation
Grace, J.B. 1993. The adaptive significance of clonal reproduction in angiosperms:
an aquatic perspective. Aquatic Botany 44:159-180.
Philbrick, C.T. and D.H. Les. 1996. Evolution of aquatic angiosperm
reproductive systems. Bioscience 46:813-826.
Givnish, T.J. 1989. Ecology and evolution of carnivorous plants. pp. 243-290
In: W.G. Abrahamson (ed.) Plant-Animal Interactions. McGraw-Hill,
New York. 480 pp.
-
Pollination and dispersal
Ackerman, J.D. 1995. Convergence of filiform pollen morphologies in seagrasses:
functional mechanisms. Evolutionary Ecology 9:139-153.
Menge, B.A., T.M. Farrell, A.M. Olson, P. van Tamelen, and T. Turner.
1993. Algal recruitment and the maintenance of a plant mosaic in the low
intertidal region of the Oregon coast. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology 170:91-116.
-
Community structure and evolution
Bolton, J. J. 1994. Global seaweed diversity: Patterns and Anomalies. Botanica
Marina 37:241-245.
Gopal, B. and U. Goel. 1993. Competition and allelopathy in aquatic
plant communities. The Botanical Review 59:155-210.
Larkum, A.W.D. and C. den Hartog. 1989. Evolution and biogeography of
seagrasses. pp 112-156 in A.W.D. Larkum, A.J. McComb, and S.A. Shepherd
(eds). Biology of Seagrasses. Elsevier, Amsterdam 841 pp.
Part IV - Aquatic Plants and Society
-
Exotics and introduced species
Les, D.H., and L.J. Mehrhoff. 1999. Introduction of nonindigenous aquatic
vascular plants in southern New England: a historical perspective. Biological
Invasions 1:281-300.
Bowes, G. 1993. Facing the inevitable: plants and increasing atmospheric
CO2. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology
44:309-332.
Davis, F.W. 1985. Historical changes in submerged macrophyte communities
of upper Chesapeake Bay. Ecology 66:981-993.
-
Mitigation and restoration
Lovett Doust, L. and J. Lovett Doust. 1995. Wetland management and conservation
of rare species. Canadian Journal of Botany 73:1019-1028.
Klötzli, F. 1988. Conservational status and use of sedge wetlands.
Aquatic
Botany 30:157-168.
Neushul, M., J. Benson, B.W.W. Harger, and A.C. Charters. 1992. Macroalgal
farming in the sea: Water motion and nitrate uptake. Journal of
Applied Phycology 4:255-265.
Vasquez, J.A. 1993. Ecological effects of brown seaweed harvesting.
Botanica
Marina. 36:251-257.
RESERVE READINGS
-
Arber, A. 1920. Water Plants. Cambridge University Press. Reprinted
1972 by Verlag Von J. Cramer, Lehre.
-
Cook, C.D.K. et al. 1974. Water plants of the world : a manual for
the identification of the genera of freshwater . The Hague : Junk [REF]
QK105.W37 1974
-
Lobban, C.S., D.J. Chapman, and B.P. Kremer 1988. Experimental phycology:
a laboratory manual. Cambridge University Press, New York.
-
Phycological Society of America. 1973. Handbook of phycological methods.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
-
Fassett, N.C. 1957. A Manual of Aquatic Plants. University of Wisconsin
-
Gabrielson, P. W., 1989. Keys to the benthic marine algae and seagrasses
of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska, Washington and Oregon. Vancouver:
Dept. of Botany, University of British Columbia, 1989.
-
Geider, Richard J., 1992. Algal photosynthesis. Current phycology; 2.
Chapman and Hall, New York. CALL NUMBER: QK565.G45 1992
-
Lunning, Klaus. 1990. Seaweeds: their environment, biogeography, and ecophysiology.
Wiley, New York.
-
Lobban, Christopher S. 1994. Seaweed ecology and physiology. Cambridge
University Press, New York.
-
Prescott, G. W., 1984. The algae: a review. Dehra Dun, India: Bishen
Singh Mahendra Pal Singh; Koenigstein, W. Germany: Otto Koeltz Science
Publishers, 1984. CALL NUMBER: QK566 .P7 1984
-
Riemer, Donald N. 1993. Introduction to freshwater vegetation. Malabar,
Fla.: Krieger CALL NUMBER: QK932.R54 1993
-
Raven, J.A. 1984. Energetics and Transport in Aquatic Plants.
Alan R. Liss.
-
Rowan, K. S. 1989. Photosynthetic pigments of algae. Cambridge University
Press, New York. CALL NUMBER: QK565.R77 1989
-
Sculthorpe, C.D. 1967. The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. Reprinted
1985 Koeltz Scientific Books. CALL NUMBER: QK930 .S35 1985
-
Scagel, Robert Francis, 1957. An annotated list of the marine algae of
British Columbia and northern Washington: including keys to genera. Bulletin
(National Museum of Canada); no. 150. Biological series; no. 52.
Ottawa, CALL NUMBER: QK571.S29 1957
-
Scagel, Robert F. 1961. Marine plant resources of British Columbia. Ottawa,
Ont.: The Fisheries Research Board of Canada. CALL NUMBER:
QK203.B7 S33 1961
-
Scagel, Robert Francis, 1972. Guide to common seaweeds of British
Columbia. Handbook British Columbia Provincial Museum no. 27. Victoria.
CALL NUMBER: QH71.V6A28 no.27
-
Waaland, J. Robert, 1977. Common seaweeds of the Pacific Coast. J.J.
Douglas, Vancouver.
GENERAL READING
-
Becker, E. W. (E. Wolfgang), 1994. Microalgae: biotechnology and
microbiology. Cambridge University Press, New York. CALL
NUMBER: TP248.27.A46 B43 1994
-
Brayshaw, T. C. 1985. Pondweeds and bur-reeds, and their relatives: aquatic
families of Monocotyledons in British Columbia. Occasional papers
of the British Columbia Provincial Museum, no. 26. Victoria: British Columbia
Provincial Museum. (on order)
-
Cole, K.M., and Sheath, R.G. 1990. Biology of the red algae. Cambridge
[England]; New York: Cambridge University Press.
CALL NUMBER: QK569.R4B56 1990 -- c.1
-
Cook, C.D.K. 1996. Aquatic plant book. Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing,..
CALL NUMBER: QK102.C66 1996
-
Crawford, R. M. M. 1987. Plant life in aquatic and amphibious habitats.
Oxford [Oxfordshire]; Boston Mass., U.S.A.: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
CALL NUMBER: QK930 .P57
-
Edwards, P. 1980. Food potential of aquatic macrophytes. ICLARM studies
and reviews, 5. Manila, Philippines: International Center for Living Aquatic
Resources Management. CALL NUMBER: QK184.F74 1988
-
Edwards, Peter, 1980. Food potential of aquatic macrophytes. ICLARM
studies and reviews, 5. Manila, Philippines: International Center
for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 1980. CALL NUMBER:
SB317.A64E38 1980
-
Fink, D. F. 1994. Guide to aquatic plants : identification and management.
St. Paul : Ecological Ser. Section, Minnesota Dept. of Ntl. (on order)
-
Haslam, S. M. 1982. British Water Plants. REV. Eureka: Mad River Press.(on
order)
-
Haslam, S.M. 1987. River Plants of Western Europe The Macrophytic of Watercourses
of the European. New York Cambridge University Press. (on order)
-
Hellquist, C.B. And G.E. Crow 1980-<1985 Aquatic vascular plants of
New England: Various volumes . Durham, N.H.: New Hampshire Agricultural
Experiment Station, University of New Hampshire.(on order)
-
Herring, P.J. et al. (eds.) Light and life in the sea: a volume arising
from the Symposium on Light and Life in the Sea. Cambridge [England];
New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 1990. CALL NUMBER:
QH515.S97 1989
-
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. 1992. Effects of
harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries. Cooperative
research report, no. 181. Copenhagen, Denmark: International Council
for the Exploration of the Sea. CALL NUMBER: SH177.P49
E33 1992
-
Kirk, J.T O. 1994.. Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems. 2nd
ed. Cambridge [England]; New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University
Press. CALL NUMBER: QK135.L37 1993
-
Kol, Erzs_bet. 1942. The snow and ice algae of Alaska. Smithsonian
miscellaneous collections.; v.101, no.16. Washington: Smithsonian
Institution, 1942. CALL NUMBER: QK571.5.A4 K6 1942
-
Larson, Gary 1993. Aquatic and wetland vascular plants of the northern
Great Plains. General technical report RM; 238. Fort Collins, Colo.:
United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain
Forest and Range Experiment Station. CALL NUMBER: QK135.L37 1993
-
Leadbeater, B.S.C., and Riding, R. 1986. Biomineralization in lower plants
and animals: Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Published for the Systematics
Association by the Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press.
CALL NUMBER: QR88.B57 1986
-
Melkonian, M., 1992. Algal cell motility. Current phycology; 3. New
York: Chapman and Hall, 1992. CALL NUMBER:
QK565.A375 1992
-
Mitchell, D. S. 1974. Aquatic vegetation and its use and control. Paris,
Unesco. CALL NUMBER: SB614 .A69
-
Muenscher, W. C. 1944. Aquatic Plants of the United States Handbooks
of American Natural History. A Comstock Book Ser. Ithaca Cornell
University Press . (On Order)
-
Mühlberg, H., 1982. The complete guide to water plants: a reference
book. [Wakefield]: EP Pub.; New York, N.Y.: Distributed by Sterling Pub.
CALL NUMBER: SB423 .M83 1982
-
NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Evolutionary Biography of Marine
Algae of the North Atlantic (1989: St. Andrews, N. B.). Evolutionary
biogeography of the marine algae of the North Atlantic. NATO ASI
series. vol. 23. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag, c1990.
CALL NUMBER: QK572.5.N67N38 1990
-
Nobel, P.S. 1983. Biophysical Plant Physiology and Ecology. W.H. Freeman.
-
Sainty, G. R. 1988. Waterplants in Australia. Australian Water Resources
Council; Darlinghurst. CALL NUMBER: QK431 .S25 1988
-
Sanders, Dale, 1993. The emerald sea: exploring the underwater wilderness
of the Pacific Northwest. North Vancouver, B.C.: Whitecap Books,
1993. CALL NUMBER: QH95.3.S35 1993
-
Sheath, R.G. and M.M. Harlin 1988. Freshwater and marine plants of Rhode
Island. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. CALL NUMBER: QK184.F74
1988
-
Slocum, P. D. 1996.Water gardening: water lilies and lotuses. Portland,Or:
Timber Press. CALL NUMBER: SB423.S58
-
Spencer-Jones, D. 1986. Aquatic plants : a guide to recognition. Farnham,
Surrey, England : Imperial Chemical Industries. (on order)
-
Steward, Albert N. Aquatic plants of the Pacific Northwest with vegetative
keys. 2nd ed. Oregon State monographs. Studies in botany; 11. Corvallis,
Oregon: Orgeon State University Press.
Selected World-Wide
Web Resources
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Last modified on September 25, 2002.