• Course Syllabus,      Lecture Outline,         Lecture Summaries,
• Lab Outline,            Course readings,         Reserve Readings,
• General Readings     Sample Exam Questions,
• Selected WWW resources,     Aquatic Plants of the Prince George Region of British Columbia

FALL 2002

PROFESSOR:             Dr.  J.D. Ackerman, Newlab 8-143, 960-5839  ackerman@unbc.ca

Laboratory Teaching Assistants: Barbara Prime         960-____, b_prime@hotmail.com
                                                       Julianne Trelenberg  960-5677,  trelj000@unbc.ca

OFFICE HOURS:    Tuesday 11:00-12:00 & Thursday 14:30 – 15:30; or by appointment

LOCATION:            Library 5-176      Tuesday & Thursday 10:00 – 10:50
                                  New Lab 8-322   Friday   11:30 - 14:20

HOMEPAGE:           http://web.unbc.ca/~ackerman/biol402.htm

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This course covers the classification, physiology, ecology, and environmental implications of aquatic plants.  Both marine and freshwater systems are covered with an emphasis on the aquatic plants of British Columbia.

RESPONSIBILITIES:
1) Student: open mind / willing to discuss and exchange views to participate
                  Academic integrity/offence (see UNBC Calendar)
2) Professor: responsive to students
                  Fair and equitable

PROBLEMS:  See one me or have me recommend someone for you to see.

PREREQUISITE:    BIOL 100 and BIOL 204 (1996/97), or by permission.

RECOMMENDED:  BIOL 201; ENVS 202; BIOL 303.

COURSE TEXT: Ackerman, J.D. 2002. Readings on Aquatic Plants: UNBC Course Reading Package available for purchase in the bookstore.

RECOMMENDED: See reading list included in Readings Package

LAB MANUAL: To be distributed in lab.

FIELD TRIPS: Appropriate dress for all weather (including rain).

EVALUATION:
Laboratory:             30%  Lab book and Lab Reports
Midterm Exam:       20%  Includes lab and lecture material.
Term Project:         25%  Research paper/proposal.(Prospectus by Jill Sutton 1998) (Research Proposal by Jill Sutton 1998)
Final Exam:            25%  During final exam period; inclusive.
                           100%

LATE ASSIGNMENTS: Not accepted without prior arrangement (penalty imposed).
 

LECTURE OUTLINE

Part I -  Evolutionary Systematics

Sept 3  (lecture 1) Introduction to “Plant” Reproductive Systems
Sept 5  (lecture 2)  Evolutionary Perspectives
Sept 10 (lecture 3) Algae I (unicellular algae and phylogeny)
Sept 12 (lecture 4) Algae II (macroalgae I)
Sept 17 (lecture 5) Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
Sept 19 (lecture 6) Angiosperms I (dicots)
Sept 24 (lecture 7) Angiosperms II (monocots)
Sept 26 (lecture 8) Angiosperms III (seagrasses)
Oct  1  (lecture 9) Overview and perspective

Part II -  Physiological Ecology

Oct  3   (lecture 10) The physical environment (Physico-chemical environments I)
Oct 8    (lecture 11) The chemical environment (Physico-chemical environments II)
Oct 10  (lecture 12) The light environment (Physico-chemical environments III)
Oct 15  (lecture 13) Photopigments and light capture

Oct 17  (lecture 14) Mid term exam

Oct 22  (lecture 15) Inorganic carbon sources and photosynthesis
Oct 24  (lecture 16) Water transport

Part III -  Evolutionary Ecology

Oct 29  (lecture 17) Heterophylly in higher vascular plants
Oct 31  (lecture 18) Form-function relationships in macroalgae
Nov 5   (lecture 19) Root/rhizome systems and vegetative propagation
Nov 7   (lecture 20) Evolutionary ecology of carnivorous plants
Nov 12 (lecture 21) Pollination in aquatic plants
Nov 14 (lecture 22) Dispersal in aquatic plants
Nov 19  (lecture 23) Community structure and evolution in freshwater macrophytes
Nov 21 (lecture 24) Community structure and evolution in marine macrophytes

Part IV - Aquatic Plants and Society

Nov 26 (lecture 25) Exotics and introduced species
Nov 28  (lecture 26) Economic Botany

Lecture Summaries

Please note that the schedule may change.

Laboratory Outline

Laboratory Teaching Assistants: Barbara Prime         960-____, b_prime@hotmail.com
                                                       Julianne Trelenberg  960-5677,  trelj000@unbc.ca
 
 

September 6, 2002	Laboratory 1	Orientation – Safety Requirements
September 13, 2002	Laboratory 2	Field Identification of Aquatic Plants and Habitats
September 20, 2002	Laboratory 3	Field Identification of Aquatic Plants and Habitats
September 27, 2002	Laboratory 4	Field Identification of Aquatic Plants and Habitats
October 4, 2002	Laboratory 5	Laboratory Identification of Key Algal Characteristics
October 11, 2002	Laboratory 6	Laboratory Identification of Key Aquatic Plants
October 18, 2002	Laboratory 7	Photopigment Identification
October 25, 2002	Laboratory 8	Photosynthetic Measurements
November 1, 2002	Laboratory 9	Flow and Plant Canopies
November 8, 2002	Laboratory 10	Root/Shoot Ratios and Bog Plants
November 15, 2002	Laboratory 11	Pollination Mechanisms
November 22, 2002	Laboratory 12	Community Ecology
November 29, 2002	Laboratory 13	Economic & Ethnobotany

FIELD TRIPS:
 

LABORATORY EVALUATION:

Assignment # 1:  10 % Labs  2-5  Aquatic Plant Systematics (Report by Laura Genn 1997)
Assignment # 2:  10% Labs  7-8 Primary Production
(Assignment # 3:  (10%)  Labs  9  Flow and Aquatic Plant Canopies)
 (This is an optional assignment to replace Assignment #2, but you must hand in Assignment #2)
Lab Reports  10% Labs 1-13 Laboratory Notebook

.
COURSE READINGS: A collection of Articles on the Systematics, Physiology, and Evolutionary Ecology of Aquatic Plants.

Part I -  Evolutionary Systematics

• What is an aquatic system?

•  Classification and characteristics of aquatic plants

Sculthorpe, C.D. 1967.  The salient features of aquatic vascular plants. pp. 1-24 in The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. Edward Arnold, London (Reprinted 1985 Koeltz Scientific, Königstein), 610 pp.

Kuo, J. and C. Den Hartog. 2000. Seagrasses: A profile of an ecological group.  Biologica marina mediterranea (Genova) 7:3-17.

Part II -  Physiological Ecology

• Physico-chemical environments I (chemistry)

Parsons, T.R. and P.J. Harrison. 1983. Nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems. pp 85-115 in O.L. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond, and H. Ziegler (eds) Physiological Plant Ecology IV: Ecosystem Processes: Mineral Cycling, Productivity and Man's Influence. (Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology New Series 12D. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 644 pp.

• Physico-chemical environments II  (water relations)

Pedersen, O. and K. Sand-Jensen. 1993. Water transport in submerged macrophytes. Aquatic Botany 44:385-406.

• Physico-chemical environments III (light)

• Photopigments

• Gas exchange

Walker, N.A. 1983. The uptake of inorganic carbon by freshwater plants. Plant Cell and Environment. 6:323-328.

• Photosynthesis

Longstreth, D.J. 1989. Photosynthesis and photorespiration of freshwater emergent and floating plants. Aquatic Botany 34:287-299.

Part III -  Evolutionary Ecology

• Heterophylly in higher vascular plants

• Form-function relationships in macroalgae.

Norton, T.A., A.C. Mathieson, and M. Neushul. 1981. Morphology and Environment. pp 421-451 in The Biology of Seaweeds. C.S. Lobban and M.J. Wynne (eds). University of California Press, Berkeley, 786 pp.

•  Root/rhizome systems and vegetative propagation

Philbrick, C.T. and D.H. Les. 1996. Evolution of aquatic angiosperm reproductive systems. Bioscience 46:813-826.

• Carnivorous plants

• Pollination and dispersal

Menge, B.A., T.M. Farrell, A.M. Olson, P. van Tamelen, and T. Turner. 1993. Algal recruitment and the maintenance of a plant mosaic in the low intertidal region of the Oregon coast. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 170:91-116.

• Community structure and evolution

Gopal, B. and U. Goel. 1993. Competition and allelopathy in aquatic plant communities. The Botanical Review 59:155-210.

Larkum, A.W.D. and C. den Hartog. 1989. Evolution and biogeography of seagrasses. pp 112-156 in A.W.D. Larkum, A.J. McComb, and S.A. Shepherd (eds). Biology of Seagrasses. Elsevier, Amsterdam 841 pp.

Part IV - Aquatic Plants and Society

• Exotics and introduced species

• Habitat alteration

Davis, F.W. 1985. Historical changes in submerged macrophyte communities of upper Chesapeake Bay. Ecology 66:981-993.

• Mitigation and restoration

Klötzli, F. 1988. Conservational status and use of sedge wetlands. Aquatic Botany 30:157-168.

• Economic Botany

Vasquez, J.A. 1993.  Ecological effects of brown seaweed harvesting. Botanica Marina. 36:251-257.
 

RESERVE READINGS
 

• Arber, A. 1920. Water Plants.  Cambridge University Press. Reprinted 1972 by Verlag Von J. Cramer, Lehre.
• Cook, C.D.K. et al. 1974.  Water plants of the world : a manual for the identification of the genera of freshwater . The Hague : Junk [REF] QK105.W37 1974
• Lobban, C.S., D.J. Chapman, and B.P. Kremer 1988. Experimental phycology: a laboratory manual. Cambridge University Press, New York.
• Phycological Society of America. 1973. Handbook of phycological methods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
• Fassett, N.C. 1957.  A Manual of Aquatic Plants. University of Wisconsin
• Gabrielson, P. W., 1989. Keys to the benthic marine algae and seagrasses of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska,  Washington and Oregon. Vancouver: Dept. of Botany, University of British Columbia, 1989.
• Geider, Richard J., 1992. Algal photosynthesis. Current phycology; 2.  Chapman and Hall, New York.    CALL NUMBER: QK565.G45 1992
• Lunning, Klaus. 1990. Seaweeds: their environment, biogeography, and ecophysiology. Wiley, New York.
• Lobban, Christopher S. 1994. Seaweed ecology and physiology. Cambridge University Press, New York.
• Prescott, G. W., 1984. The algae: a review. Dehra Dun,  India: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh; Koenigstein, W. Germany:  Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, 1984.    CALL NUMBER: QK566 .P7 1984
• Riemer, Donald N. 1993. Introduction to freshwater vegetation. Malabar,  Fla.: Krieger    CALL NUMBER: QK932.R54 1993
• Raven, J.A. 1984.  Energetics and Transport in Aquatic Plants.  Alan R. Liss.
• Rowan, K. S. 1989.  Photosynthetic pigments of algae. Cambridge University Press, New York.    CALL NUMBER: QK565.R77 1989
• Sculthorpe, C.D. 1967. The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. Reprinted 1985 Koeltz Scientific Books.  CALL NUMBER: QK930 .S35 1985
• Scagel, Robert Francis, 1957. An annotated list of the marine algae of  British Columbia and northern Washington: including keys to genera. Bulletin (National Museum of Canada); no. 150. Biological  series; no. 52. Ottawa,     CALL NUMBER: QK571.S29 1957
• Scagel, Robert F. 1961. Marine plant resources of British Columbia. Ottawa,  Ont.: The Fisheries Research Board of Canada.    CALL NUMBER: QK203.B7 S33 1961
• Scagel, Robert Francis, 1972. Guide to common seaweeds of British  Columbia. Handbook British Columbia Provincial Museum no. 27. Victoria.   CALL NUMBER: QH71.V6A28 no.27
• Waaland, J. Robert, 1977. Common seaweeds of the Pacific Coast.  J.J. Douglas, Vancouver.

• Becker, E. W. (E. Wolfgang), 1994. Microalgae: biotechnology and  microbiology. Cambridge University Press, New York.    CALL NUMBER: TP248.27.A46 B43 1994
• Brayshaw, T. C. 1985. Pondweeds and bur-reeds, and their relatives: aquatic families of Monocotyledons in British Columbia. Occasional papers  of the British Columbia Provincial Museum, no. 26. Victoria: British Columbia Provincial Museum. (on order)
• Cole, K.M., and Sheath, R.G. 1990. Biology of the red algae. Cambridge [England]; New York: Cambridge  University Press.    CALL NUMBER: QK569.R4B56 1990 -- c.1
• Cook, C.D.K. 1996. Aquatic plant book. Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing,.. CALL NUMBER: QK102.C66 1996
• Crawford, R. M. M.  1987. Plant life in aquatic and amphibious habitats. Oxford [Oxfordshire]; Boston Mass., U.S.A.: Blackwell Scientific Publications. CALL NUMBER: QK930 .P57
• Edwards, P. 1980. Food potential of aquatic macrophytes. ICLARM  studies and reviews, 5. Manila, Philippines: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management. CALL NUMBER: QK184.F74 1988
• Edwards, Peter, 1980. Food potential of aquatic macrophytes. ICLARM  studies and reviews, 5. Manila, Philippines: International Center  for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 1980.    CALL NUMBER: SB317.A64E38 1980
• Fink, D. F. 1994. Guide to aquatic plants : identification and management. St. Paul : Ecological Ser. Section, Minnesota Dept. of Ntl. (on order)
• Haslam, S. M. 1982. British Water Plants. REV. Eureka: Mad River Press.(on order)
• Haslam, S.M. 1987. River Plants of Western Europe The Macrophytic of Watercourses of the European. New York Cambridge University Press. (on order)
• Hellquist, C.B. And G.E. Crow 1980-<1985 Aquatic vascular plants of New England: Various volumes . Durham, N.H.:  New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, University of New  Hampshire.(on order)
• Herring, P.J. et al. (eds.) Light and life in the sea: a volume arising from the Symposium on  Light and Life in the Sea. Cambridge [England]; New York, NY,  USA: Cambridge University Press, 1990. CALL NUMBER: QH515.S97 1989
• International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. 1992. Effects of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries.  Cooperative research report, no. 181. Copenhagen, Denmark:  International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.    CALL NUMBER: SH177.P49 E33 1992
• Kirk, J.T O. 1994.. Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems. 2nd ed. Cambridge [England]; New York, NY,  USA: Cambridge University Press. CALL NUMBER: QK135.L37 1993
• Kol, Erzs_bet.  1942. The snow and ice algae of Alaska. Smithsonian  miscellaneous collections.; v.101, no.16. Washington: Smithsonian  Institution, 1942.    CALL NUMBER: QK571.5.A4 K6 1942
• Larson, Gary  1993. Aquatic and wetland vascular plants of the northern Great Plains. General technical report RM; 238. Fort  Collins, Colo.: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest  Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. CALL NUMBER: QK135.L37 1993
• Leadbeater, B.S.C., and Riding, R. 1986. Biomineralization in lower plants and animals: Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Published for the Systematics  Association by the Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University  Press.   CALL NUMBER: QR88.B57 1986
• Melkonian, M., 1992.  Algal cell motility. Current phycology; 3. New York: Chapman and Hall,   1992.    CALL NUMBER: QK565.A375 1992
• Mitchell, D. S. 1974. Aquatic vegetation and its use and control. Paris, Unesco. CALL NUMBER: SB614 .A69
• Muenscher, W. C.  1944. Aquatic Plants of the United States Handbooks of American Natural History. A Comstock Book Ser. Ithaca Cornell  University Press . (On Order)
• Mühlberg, H., 1982. The complete guide to water plants: a reference book. [Wakefield]: EP Pub.; New York, N.Y.: Distributed by Sterling Pub. CALL NUMBER: SB423 .M83 1982
• NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Evolutionary Biography of Marine  Algae of the North Atlantic (1989: St. Andrews, N. B.).  Evolutionary biogeography of the marine algae of the North  Atlantic. NATO ASI series. vol. 23. Berlin; New York:  Springer-Verlag, c1990.    CALL NUMBER: QK572.5.N67N38 1990
• Nobel, P.S. 1983. Biophysical Plant Physiology and Ecology. W.H. Freeman.
• Sainty, G. R. 1988. Waterplants in Australia. Australian Water Resources Council; Darlinghurst. CALL NUMBER: QK431 .S25 1988
• Sanders, Dale, 1993. The emerald sea: exploring the underwater wilderness of the Pacific Northwest. North Vancouver, B.C.:  Whitecap Books, 1993.    CALL NUMBER: QH95.3.S35 1993
• Sheath, R.G. and M.M. Harlin 1988. Freshwater and marine plants of Rhode Island. Dubuque, Iowa:  Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. CALL NUMBER: QK184.F74 1988
• Slocum, P. D. 1996.Water gardening: water lilies and lotuses. Portland,Or: Timber Press.  CALL NUMBER: SB423.S58
• Spencer-Jones, D. 1986. Aquatic plants : a guide to recognition. Farnham, Surrey, England : Imperial Chemical Industries. (on order)
• Steward, Albert N. Aquatic plants of the Pacific Northwest with vegetative keys. 2nd ed. Oregon State monographs. Studies in botany; 11. Corvallis, Oregon: Orgeon State University Press.

• Aquatic Plants (BIOL 402) Homepage.  College of Science & Management, UNBC.

• Aquatic Plants of the Prince George Region of British Columbia, BIOL 402  UNBC

• Center for Aquatic Plants: Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida

• THE HARMFUL ALGAE PAGE: Produced by: The National Office for Marine Biotoxins and Harmful Algal Blooms.

• The Plankton Net: Marine Plankton Ecology and Biological Oceanography Homepage.