Moreover, according to Tooby and Cosmides, these innate proclivities are guided by specific neural modules:

By adding together a face recognition module, a spatial relation module, a rigid mechanics module, a tool-use module, a fear module, a social-exchange module, an emotion-perception module, a kin-oriented module, an effort allocation and recalibration module, a child-care module, a social-inference module, a sexual-attraction module, a semantic-inference module, a friendship module, a grammar acquisition module, a communication-pragmatics module, a theory of mind module, and so on, an architecture gains of breadth of competences that allows it to solve a wider and wider array of problems, coming to resemble, more and more, a human mind.

Used in this way, modules have little real scientific value. (p. 117)

Our theory provides a unified understanding of human mind.

It was notabe tht such a recent disappearance of predators has resulted in such a dramatic looss of antipredtor behavior. The rapidity of this change suggests that antipredator behavior in moose arise through personal experience with predators. Support for this idea comes from repeated observation of females moose that were naïve to predators but subsequently losing offspring to wolves during recolonozation. After they lose their young, these moose were significantly more vigilant when they heard wolf calls and were much more likely to abandon a feeding site; in contrast, moose that lost young for other reasons, such as starvation, did not alter their response to wolf cues. Thus “naïve prey have the capacity to process information about predators swiftly,” even “in a single generation.” As long as moose are able to survive an attack, or if attacks are focused predominantly on the young, antipredator behaviors can be learned and transmitted culturally across generations.

For evolutionary psychologists, the notiuon that animals, including humans, might gain crucial information about the world through individual experience is viewed as inefficient, imprecise, unworkable, and unreliable. As we have seen, however, individual experience, especiallyu when coupled with species-typical rearing environment, if often sufficient to produce efficient, precise, workable, and reliable behavioral responses across generations. In addition, the fact that moose have so quickly forgotten the smells and sounds of their most significant predators in such a brief period of time provides yet another reason for being skeptical about claims of evolutionary psychologists concerning human behavior. (p. 126)